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<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Sans+Bengali:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<style>
        body, button, input, select, textarea {
            font-family: 'Noto Sans Bengali', sans-serif !important;
        }
    </style>
    <style>
        .cps-frontend { font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif; padding: 0 18px; box-sizing: border-box; }
        .cps-frontend * { box-sizing: border-box; }
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            color: #182f59; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 800;
            margin: 0 0 14px; padding: 8px 0 8px;
            letter-spacing: -0.5px; text-align: center; display: block; line-height: 1.25;
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        .cps-frontend.cps-list-wrap { margin-top: 8px; }
        .cps-list-wrap .cps-list-grid,
        .cps-list-wrap .cps-pagination,
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        .cps-card { background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e5e7ef; border-radius: 6px; overflow: hidden; transition: box-shadow .25s ease, border-color .25s ease; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
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        .cps-card-thumb-wrap { width: 100%; height: 170px; overflow: hidden; background: #f4f5fa; position: relative; }
        .cps-card-thumb { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; transition: transform .35s ease; }
        .cps-card:hover .cps-card-thumb { transform: scale(1.03); }
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        .cps-card-body { padding: 14px 16px 16px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1; }
        .cps-card-cat { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px; background: #182f59; color: #fff; padding: 3px 9px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 0 0 9px; align-self: flex-start; }
        .cps-card-title { font-size: 16px; margin: 0 0 8px; color: #182f59; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.35; display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; }
        .cps-card-title a { color: inherit; }
        .cps-card-meta { font-size: 11.5px; color: #7a7a8c; margin: 0 0 8px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px; }
        .cps-card-meta i { font-size: 11px; color: #182f59; }
        .cps-card-summary { color: #4a4a58; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.55; margin: 0 0 12px; display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; }
        .cps-read-more { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; background: #182f59; color: #fff !important; padding: 7px 15px; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 600; margin-top: auto; align-self: flex-start; transition: background .2s ease; }
        .cps-read-more:hover { background: #000060; color: #fff !important; }
        .cps-read-more i { font-size: 11px; }
        
        .cps-pagination { margin-top: 26px; text-align: center; display: flex; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px; }
        .cps-pagination a, .cps-pagination span { display: inline-block; padding: 6px 12px; border: 1px solid #182f59; border-radius: 4px; color: #182f59; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; background: #fff; }
        .cps-pagination .current { background: #182f59; color: #fff; }
        .cps-pagination a:hover { background: #182f59; color: #fff; }
        
        .cps-single { max-width: 850px; margin: 0 auto; }
        .cps-single-title { color: #182f59; font-size: 30px; margin: 0 0 8px; line-height: 1.3; }
        .cps-single-meta { color: #7a7a8c; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 12px; border-bottom: 2px solid #182f59; }
        .cps-single-cat { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; background: #182f59; color: #fff; padding: 4px 12px; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11.5px; margin-bottom: 12px; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; }
        .cps-single-featured { margin-bottom: 20px; }
        .cps-single-featured img { width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 6px; }
        .cps-single-summary { background: #f0f0ff; border-left: 4px solid #182f59; padding: 14px 18px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-style: italic; color: #333; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; }
        .cps-single-content { line-height: 1.8; color: #222; font-size: 16px; }
        .cps-single-content img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 6px; }
        
        .cps-section { margin: 28px 0; }
        .cps-section-title { color: #182f59; font-size: 17px; margin: 0 0 12px; padding-bottom: 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e3ee; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; }
        .cps-images-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(150px, 1fr)); gap: 10px; }
        .cps-images-grid img { width: 100%; height: 130px; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 6px; cursor: pointer; display: block; }
        .cps-youtube { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 6px; }
        .cps-youtube iframe { position: absolute; top:0; left:0; width:100%; height:100%; border:0; }
        
        .cps-pdf-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
        .cps-pdf-list li { background: #f9f9ff; border: 1px solid #e0e0f0; padding: 10px 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; border-radius: 5px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; }
        .cps-pdf-list li a { font-weight: 600; }
        
        .cps-social { display: flex; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
        .cps-social a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 7px; color: #fff !important; padding: 8px 14px; border-radius: 5px; font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 600; }
        .cps-social .cps-fb { background: #1877f2; }
        .cps-social .cps-tw { background: #000; }
        .cps-social .cps-li { background: #0a66c2; }
        .cps-social .cps-wa { background: #25d366; }
        .cps-social .cps-cp { background: #555; }
        
        .cps-related-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(220px, 1fr)); gap: 12px; }
        .cps-related-item { background: #f9f9ff; border: 1px solid #e0e0f0; padding: 12px; border-radius: 6px; border-left: 3px solid #182f59; }
        .cps-related-item img { width: 100%; height: 110px; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 4px; margin-bottom: 8px; display: block; }
        
        .cps-empty { text-align: center; padding: 55px 25px; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9ff 0%, #eef0ff 100%); border-radius: 10px; border: 2px dashed #c0c8e0; }
        .cps-empty-icon { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; width: 84px; height: 84px; background: #182f59; border-radius: 50%; margin-bottom: 18px; }
        .cps-empty-icon i { font-size: 38px; color: #fff; }
        .cps-empty-title { font-size: 22px; color: #182f59; margin: 0 0 10px; font-weight: 700; }
        .cps-empty-text { font-size: 14.5px; color: #555; margin: 0 auto 8px; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 460px; }
        .cps-empty-hint { font-size: 12.5px; color: #888; margin-top: 14px; }
    </style>
    <link rel='stylesheet' id='kadence-fonts-gfonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto%20Sans%20Bengali:regular,700&#038;display=swap' media='all' />
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<link rel="icon" href="https://hnrlawlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cropped-WhatsApp_Image_2026-09-22_at_8.20.02_PM-removebg-preview-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://hnrlawlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cropped-WhatsApp_Image_2026-09-22_at_8.20.02_PM-removebg-preview-180x180.png" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://hnrlawlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cropped-WhatsApp_Image_2026-09-22_at_8.20.02_PM-removebg-preview-270x270.png" />
<style id="wp-custom-css">
/* ১. এইচটিএমএল ব্লকের নিজস্ব মার্জিন ও প্যাডিং জিরো করতে */
.wp-block-html {
    margin-top: 0 !important;
    margin-bottom: 0 !important;
    padding-top: 0 !important;
    padding-bottom: 0 !important;
}

/* ২. গুটেনবার্গের ডিফল্ট ব্লক গ্যাপ (Layout Flow Spacing) ওভাররাইড করতে */
.entry-content > *, 
.entry-content [data-layout] > * {
    margin-top: 0 !important;
    margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}

/* ৩. গুটেনবার্গ গ্রুপ বা কন্টেইনারের ভেতরের ফ্লেক্স/গ্লিড গ্যাপ রিমুভ করতে */
.wp-block-group.is-layout-flow > * + *,
.wp-block-group.is-layout-constrained > * + *,
.wp-block-group.is-layout-flex > * {
    margin-top: 0 !important;
    margin-bottom: 0 !important;
    gap: 0 !important;
}


/* Hide Header and Footer globally in Kadence */
#masthead, #colophon {
    display: none !important;
}


/* ফন্টঅসম আইকন রেন্ডারিং ফিক্স */
.global-site-header .fas.fa-bars,
.site-sidebar-drawer .fas.fa-times {
    color: #000000 !important;
    font-weight: 900 !important;
}


/* পুরো ওয়েবসাইটের সব এলিমেন্টের ডিফল্ট নীল হোভার/ফোকাস রিমোভ করার কোড */
* {
    -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; /* মোবাইলে ক্লিকের সময় নীল ব্যাকগ্রাউন্ড দূর করতে */
}

button, a, input, textarea, select, *:focus {
    outline: none !important; /* কিবোর্ড বা মাউস ফোকাসের সময় ডিফল্ট বর্ডার/আউটলাইন দূর করতে */
}


/* Only apply padding when our custom header exists */
body.page-id-28:has(.global-site-header) {
    padding-top: 72px !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    top: 0 !important;
    position: relative !important;
}

/* If no custom header is rendered, no padding needed */
body.page-id-28:not(:has(.global-site-header)) {
    padding-top: 0 !important;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {
    body.page-id-28:has(.global-site-header) {
        padding-top: 66px !important;
    }
    body.page-id-28:not(:has(.global-site-header)) {
        padding-top: 0 !important;
    }
}
</style>
</head>

<body class="wp-singular page-template-default page page-id-782 wp-embed-responsive wp-theme-kadence footer-on-bottom hide-focus-outline link-style-standard content-title-style-hide content-width-fullwidth content-style-unboxed content-vertical-padding-show non-transparent-header mobile-non-transparent-header">
    
  <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
  <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Sans+Bengali:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">

<style>
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) body,
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) body * {
        font-family: 'Noto Sans Bengali', 'Hind Siliguri', 'SolaimanLipi',
                     -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto,
                     'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif !important;
    }
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) .fa,
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) .fas,
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) .far,
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) .fab,
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) [class*="fa-"] {
        font-family: 'Font Awesome 6 Free', 'Font Awesome 6 Brands' !important;
    }
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) body { line-height: 1.65; }
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) h1,
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) h2,
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) h3,
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) h4,
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) h5,
    html:not(.translated-ltr):not(.translated-rtl) h6 {
        font-family: 'Noto Sans Bengali', 'Hind Siliguri', 'SolaimanLipi',
                     -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto,
                     sans-serif !important;
        font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.35;
    }
    html.translated-ltr body,
    html.translated-ltr body * {
        font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto,
                     'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif !important;
    }
    html.translated-ltr .fa,
    html.translated-ltr .fas,
    html.translated-ltr .far,
    html.translated-ltr .fab,
    html.translated-ltr [class*="fa-"] {
        font-family: 'Font Awesome 6 Free', 'Font Awesome 6 Brands' !important;
    }
    *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box !important; }
    .global-site-header { visibility: hidden; }
    .global-site-header.loaded { visibility: visible !important; }

    .global-site-header {
        position: fixed !important; top: 0 !important; left: 0 !important;
        width: 100% !important; height: 72px !important;
        background-color: #ffffff !important;
        border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.08) !important;
        display: flex !important; align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: space-between !important;
        padding: 0 20px 0 34px !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important; z-index: 99999 !important; margin: 0 !important;
    }
    body { padding-top: 72px !important; margin: 0 !important; top: 0 !important; position: relative !important; }

    .header-logo-wrap { display: flex !important; align-items: center !important; flex-shrink: 0 !important; margin-left: 14px !important; }
    .header-logo-wrap img { height: auto !important; width: auto !important; max-height: 82px !important; max-width: 245px !important; object-fit: contain !important; display: block !important; }
    .header-logo-wrap a { text-decoration: none !important; display: inline-flex !important; align-items: center !important; }
    .geek-logo-link { position: relative !important; z-index: 9999 !important; display: inline-flex !important; align-items: center !important; cursor: pointer !important; }
    .geek-logo-link img { cursor: pointer !important; }

    .desktop-nav-center { display: flex !important; align-items: center !important; gap: 28px !important; list-style: none !important; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; }
    .desktop-nav-center li a { text-decoration: none !important; color: #000000 !important; font-size: 16.5px !important; font-weight: 700 !important; transition: color 0.2s ease !important; }
    .desktop-nav-center li a:hover { color: #182f59 !important; }
    .desktop-nav-center li a.active, .desktop-nav-center li.active a { color: #182f59 !important; }

    .header-right-actions { display: flex !important; align-items: center !important; gap: 10px !important; flex-shrink: 0 !important; }
    .custom-lang-dropdown { position: relative !important; user-select: none !important; z-index: 100000 !important; }

    .lang-switcher {
        display: inline-flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        background: #f1f5f9 !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
        border-radius: 50px !important;
        padding: 3px !important;
        gap: 0 !important;
        text-decoration: none !important;
        transition: all 0.25s ease !important;
        box-shadow: inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.04) !important;
    }
    .lang-switcher:hover {
        border-color: #182f59 !important;
        box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 139, 0.12) !important;
    }
    .lang-switcher .lang-option {
        display: inline-flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        gap: 5px !important;
        padding: 5px 12px !important;
        border-radius: 50px !important;
        font-size: 12.5px !important;
        font-weight: 700 !important;
        letter-spacing: 0.3px !important;
        color: #000000 !important;
        transition: all 0.25s ease !important;
        line-height: 1 !important;
        white-space: nowrap !important;
    }
    .lang-switcher .lang-option img {
        width: 14px !important;
        height: 14px !important;
        border-radius: 50% !important;
        object-fit: cover !important;
        display: block !important;
    }
    .lang-switcher .lang-option.active {
        background: #182f59 !important;
        color: #ffffff !important;
        box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 139, 0.30) !important;
    }
    .lang-switcher .lang-option:not(.active):hover {
        background: #e2e8f0 !important;
        color: #182f59 !important;
    }
    .lang-switcher .lang-swap-icon {
        display: inline-flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        width: 16px !important;
        height: 16px !important;
        color: #94a3b8 !important;
        transition: color 0.25s ease, transform 0.25s ease !important;
    }
    .lang-switcher:hover .lang-swap-icon {
        color: #182f59 !important;
        transform: rotate(180deg) !important;
    }
    .lang-switcher .lang-swap-icon svg {
        width: 12px !important;
        height: 12px !important;
        fill: currentColor !important;
        display: block !important;
    }

    .header-menu-toggle {
        display: none !important; background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.8) !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important; cursor: pointer !important;
        width: 40px !important; height: 40px !important; border-radius: 6px !important;
        align-items: center !important; justify-content: center !important; padding: 0 !important;
    }
    .header-menu-toggle svg, .sidebar-close-btn svg { width: 17px !important; height: 17px !important; fill: #000000 !important; display: block !important; }

    .site-sidebar-overlay {
        position: fixed !important; top: 0 !important; left: 0 !important;
        width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important;
        background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.6) !important; backdrop-filter: blur(4px) !important;
        display: none !important; z-index: 999998 !important;
    }
    .site-sidebar-drawer {
        position: fixed !important; top: 0 !important; right: -320px !important;
        width: 300px !important; height: 100% !important; background: #ffffff !important;
        z-index: 999999 !important; box-shadow: -15px 0 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.12) !important;
        transition: right 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1) !important;
        display: flex !important; flex-direction: column !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;
    }
    .site-sidebar-drawer.open { right: 0 !important; }
    .sidebar-header {
        padding: 24px 20px !important;
        background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc 0%, #f1f5f9 100%) !important;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0 !important; color: #0f172a !important;
        display: flex !important; align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: space-between !important; font-size: 18px !important; font-weight: 700 !important;
    }
    .sidebar-close-btn {
        background: #ffffff !important; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
        width: 34px !important; height: 34px !important; border-radius: 8px !important;
        cursor: pointer !important; display: flex !important; align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important; padding: 0 !important;
    }
    .sidebar-body { padding: 24px 20px !important; overflow-y: auto !important; }
    .sidebar-menu-list { list-style: none !important; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; }
    .sidebar-menu-list li { margin-bottom: 10px !important; }
    .sidebar-menu-list li a {
        text-decoration: none !important; color: #000000 !important;
        font-size: 15px !important; font-weight: 600 !important;
        display: flex !important; align-items: center !important;
        padding: 12px 16px !important; border-radius: 8px !important;
        background: #f8fafc !important; border: 1px solid #f1f5f9 !important;
        transition: color 0.2s ease !important;
    }
    .sidebar-menu-list li a:hover { color: #182f59 !important; }
    .sidebar-menu-list li a.active, .sidebar-menu-list li.active a { color: #182f59 !important; }

    #google_translate_element {
        position: absolute !important; left: -9999px !important; top: -9999px !important;
        visibility: hidden !important; width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important;
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	{
    "id": 6,
    "title": "Case No. 16-CV-02218",
    "slug": "case-no-16-cv-02218-6",
    "post_date": "2026-09-29 13:00:31",
    "status": "publish",
    "category_id": 2,
    "short_summary": "How can case number 1:16-cv-02218 belong to two entirely different lawsuits — different parties, different subject matter, different judges — filed six weeks apart in 2016?",
    "content": "<div data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAQgMEAA\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-757 aligncenter\" src=\"https://hnrlawlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/carter_andrew_08-767x633-1-300x248.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" /></div>\r\n<div data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAQgMEAA\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"></div>\r\n<div data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAQgMEAA\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"></div>\r\n<div class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAQgMEAA\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><u class=\"wfWfIf fxyaSe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span class=\"jAOkJc\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiC3tKmvZSXAxXJEVkFHdTeKPQQ3egReggIAggBCAwQAQ\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">Andrew Lamar Carter Jr.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><!--TgQPHd|||[false,&quot;&quot;,false,&quot;u0026dVM6ae_1g:aPo2Hd&quot;]--></span><!--TgQPHd|||[[[&quot;/m/0gtybcw&quot;,&quot;Andrew Lamar Carter Jr.&quot;,0,&quot;EswECowEQUppVDR0THVoQU1hVDVSYTlDOXNMTTBvYjZUb2puYy1HMHlEM3U1cFcxajM1ZEotWVFJQk1wT1BOMWl2a1VzTWlFZktHQjNwVkFITXg2UDg3aTFJU0gxOWpqQjZLSDJZa0lHeUVYMWxvTS01a2lRUE1xTzJwRW9SWlU3R2hKdDBaRUhjdEp5dkZXV19oUTFHTnRXeGVFV3pvVkFGNU9YaHFVaXZhT3h3Zk5VZ2ZzQURScEFCYV9OU0hpZXRKWWV2WjVNbGUxd3IwWFFjRHJDMnM3VTVSZTFwNHlfV2paS3NoTW1SWFhOZDktRnhUZVItZ3hhakNBcjhnUmIzMjdXUERaVUdoSVJyakdoTndva2RzQlFhYnRQZjRWakRseXpvMmlBbnhUOE1qS200SWJWaUJuTWxVQlFxZi1ibHh6emRSME1kQ1JEU1BlNDk3NTZ5MnhYeDVCYUthaE5GdWgtRXA1TlV4Uk9iekZUZmYwUDhqMlY2TXN6dVpNcGdSbkFuaXlFdF9HVkQxcXRsX05ldWdab19WWWRCOVJVQnlJdXVzU25pX2c3TWZiMm1tYmdNU2thbUYtQ05CS2J6RVFqbmxFVEg0NEgta1hWaThRcjRtR0pndjliaXBNMU9aT1oyMGs2RU5RUEZPSlFrcDNmcC0yQ1EtT0lsQ0ltcmNEa2VxSzdFRDlFU2N2UkMSF1pBdThhb0tjR01tajVOb1AxTDJqb1E4GiJBRHNyOWZUMGNwM00yRkE1WTYxejlVRUpIQ0c3dkVIYnJn&quot;,&quot;PEOPLE&quot;],&quot;&quot;,0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1,1],null,null,[{&quot;205&quot;:[null,&quot;/m/0gtybcw&quot;],&quot;1219&quot;:[null,null,&quot;PEOPLE&quot;,null,null,&quot;/m/0gtybcw&quot;],&quot;3524&quot;:[69]}]],null,0,null,&quot;&quot;,0]]--><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></span><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></u><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></span><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></strong> is an American attorney serving as a <strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">United States District Judge<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></strong> for the <span class=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sfc-inited=\"2\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><a class=\"H23r4e\" href=\"https://www.nysd.uscourts.gov/hon-andrew-l-carter-jr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiC3tKmvZSXAxXJEVkFHdTeKPQQy_kOeggIAggBCAwQAg\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAQgMEAI\" data-processed=\"true\" aria-label=\"U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (SDNY). Link preview. Site: Southern District of New York (.gov). Title: District Judge Hon. Andrew L. Carter Jr.. URL: https://www.nysd.uscourts.gov/hon-andrew-l-carter-jr.\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline 1px rgb(153, 195, 255); border-bottom: 0px rgb(153, 195, 255);\">U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (SDNY)</a><!--TgQPHd|||[[&quot;https://www.nysd.uscourts.gov/hon-andrew-l-carter-jr&quot;,null,null,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[{&quot;1218&quot;:[16,null,null,null,[1]]}]],16,null,&quot;District Judge Hon. Andrew L. Carter Jr.&quot;,&quot;District Judge Hon. Andrew L. Carter Jr. Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse 40 Foley Square New York, NY 10007. Courtroom: 444. Individual Practices - November 10th, 2025. US District Court • Southern District of New York. Privacy Policy · Court Directory · Accessibility · Career Opportunities · Your Employee Rights and How to Report Wrongful Conduct · Contact Us · Sitemap · Daniel Patrick Moynihan · United States Courthouse 500 Pearl Street New York, NY 10007 - 1312. Hon. Charles L. Brieant Jr. Federal Building and Courthouse 300 Quarropas Street White Plains, NY 10601. Thurgood Marshall · United States Courthouse 40 Foley Square New York, NY 10007. United States Courthouse 355 Main Street&quot;,null,&quot;Southern District of New York (.gov)&quot;,&quot;https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/faviconV2?urlu003dhttps://www.nysd.uscourts.govu0026clientu003dAIMu0026sizeu003d128u0026typeu003dFAVICONu0026fallback_optsu003dTYPE,SIZE,URL&quot;,[[1790708580396802,89723337,4096319188],null,null,null,null,[[2,1,11]]],null,&quot;e2700459-4201-4f87-b7b3-5acd3c8195c8&quot;]]--></span>. Nominated by President Barack Obama, he was confirmed by the Senate and officially assumed office on <strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">December 8, 2011<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></strong>. He is noted for being the first African American male judge appointed to the SDNY bench.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></div>\r\n<div class=\"yhAwj\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sfc-inited=\"2\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></div>\r\n<div class=\"otQkpb\" role=\"heading\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"aria-level=dVM6ae_1u/fLk2Md\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; margin: 24px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">Personal Background &amp; Education<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></div>\r\n<div role=\"heading\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"aria-level=dVM6ae_1u/fLk2Md\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; margin: 24px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"></div>\r\n<ul class=\"KsbFXc U6u95\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiC3tKmvZSXAxXJEVkFHdTeKPQQ-7AUeggIAggBCBMQAA\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAQgTEAA\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">\r\n \t<li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAQgTEAM\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">Born:<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></strong> January 12, 1969, in Albany, Georgia.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></span><span data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></span><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></li>\r\n \t<li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAQgTEAQ\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">Undergraduate Degree:<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></strong> Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) from the <span class=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sfc-inited=\"2\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><a class=\"H23r4e\" href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Andrew_L._Carter,_Jr.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiC3tKmvZSXAxXJEVkFHdTeKPQQy_kOeggIAggBCBMQBQ\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAQgTEAU\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline 1px rgb(153, 195, 255); border-bottom: 0px rgb(153, 195, 255);\">University of Texas at Austin</a><!--TgQPHd|||[[&quot;https://ballotpedia.org/Andrew_L._Carter,_Jr.&quot;,null,null,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[{&quot;1218&quot;:[16,null,null,null,[1]]}]],16,null,&quot;Andrew L. Carter, Jr. - Ballotpedia&quot;,&quot;Background: Born Albany, GA; B.A. University of Texas (1991); J.D. Harvard Law (1994). Career: Program assistant Ford Foundation (1994-1996); Staff attorney Legal Aid Society (1996-2005); Staff/supervising attorney Federal Defenders of New York (2005-2009). Judicial: Magistrate judge EDNY (2009-2011). Nominated by President Barack Obama to U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York on May 19, 2011; confirmed December 5, 2011. Noteworthy Cases: Dismissed *The Bronx Defenders v. Office of Court Administration* (2020), ruling against blocking in-person criminal proceedings during the COVID-19 pandemic due to federal intrusion limits.&quot;,null,&quot;Ballotpedia&quot;,&quot;https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/faviconV2?urlu003dhttps://ballotpedia.orgu0026clientu003dAIMu0026sizeu003d128u0026typeu003dFAVICONu0026fallback_optsu003dTYPE,SIZE,URL&quot;,[[1790708580396802,89723337,4096319188],null,null,null,null,[[2,1,16]]],null,&quot;8840dd07-563d-40b6-9c5c-8d2644e0136e&quot;]]--></span> (1991).<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></span><span data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></span><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></li>\r\n \t<li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAQgTEAY\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">Law Degree:<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></strong> Juris Doctor (J.D.) from <span class=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><a class=\"H23r4e\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_L._Carter_Jr.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiC3tKmvZSXAxXJEVkFHdTeKPQQy_kOeggIAggBCBMQBw\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAQgTEAc\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline 1px rgb(153, 195, 255); border-bottom: 0px rgb(153, 195, 255);\">Harvard Law School</a><!--TgQPHd|||[[&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_L._Carter_Jr.&quot;,null,null,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[{&quot;1218&quot;:[16,null,null,null,[1]]}]],16,null,&quot;Andrew L. Carter Jr. - Wikipedia&quot;,&quot;Personal: Andrew Lamar Carter Jr. (born January 12, 1969, Albany, Georgia). Education: University of Texas at Austin (BA, 1991), Harvard Law School (JD, 1994). Career: Program assistant at Ford Foundation (1994–1996); attorney at Legal Aid Society and Federal Defenders of New York (1996–2009). Judicial Service: U.S. magistrate judge, Eastern District of New York (2009–2011); U.S. district judge, Southern District of New York (appointed by Barack Obama, confirmed December 2011, commissioned December 8, 2011). Notable Cases: Presided over Norman Seabrook corruption trial, a Jay-Z copyright trial, and denied bail to Sean &quot;Diddy&quot; Combs in September 2024.&quot;,&quot;https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?qu003dtbn:ANd9GcRQ64lN6bYrZtc1JIX1SMPlvMt4zPURj6LCYoR-VF-OSby3VHvbtquZKfMLx-oloWLIhgC21q-vYyvrINI&quot;,&quot;Wikipedia&quot;,&quot;https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/faviconV2?urlu003dhttps://en.wikipedia.orgu0026clientu003dAIMu0026sizeu003d128u0026typeu003dFAVICONu0026fallback_optsu003dTYPE,SIZE,URL&quot;,[[1790708580396802,89723337,4096319188],null,null,null,null,[[2,1,18]]],null,&quot;cda2fcd7-8644-40af-966d-be8fc8f74d42&quot;]]--></span> (1994).<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></span><span data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></span><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></li>\r\n \t<li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAQgTEAg\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">Philanthropy:<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></strong> Co-founded the <strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">BELL Foundation<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></strong>, which organizes educational activities for low-income students</span></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h4></h4>\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"https://hnrlawlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/RR.pdf\">Rahul Manchanda v. Rebecca Rosenberg &amp; News Corp dba NY Post 16-cv-02218-ALC</a></h4>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Case No.: 1:16-cv-02218-ALC (Southern District of New York)</li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Filed: March 25, 2016 (Notice of Removal)</li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Parties: Rahul Manchanda (Plaintiff) v. Rebecca Rosenberg &amp; News Corp dba NY Post (Defendants)</li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Judge: ALC = Andrew L. Carter, Jr.</li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Attorneys who served/filed: Robert D. Balin and Jeremy A. Chase, Davis Wright Tremaine LLP (for Defendants)</li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Nature: Defamation/trademark suit removed from NY Civil Court to federal court.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<div data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAAIAAgACAwQAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAAIAAgACAwQAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-758 aligncenter\" src=\"https://hnrlawlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/P5TTX4L5L2F3RRYIE2VA4PXDUY-300x258.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"258\" /></div>\r\n<div data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAAIAAgACAwQAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"></div>\r\n<div class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAAIAAgACAwQAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span data-subtree=\"aimfl,mfl\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">Judge Frederic Block is a Senior United States District Judge for the </span><span class=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sfc-inited=\"2\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><a class=\"H23r4e\" href=\"https://www.nyed.uscourts.gov/district-judge-frederic-block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiZz8LVvZSXAxXCFVkFHTH7NkAQy_kOegoIAAgACAAIDBAD\" data-hveid=\"CAAIAAgACAwQAw\" aria-label=\"Eastern District of New York. Link preview. Site: New York Eastern District Court (.gov). Title: District Judge Frederic Block | US Courts - New York Eastern District. URL: https://www.nyed.uscourts.gov/district-judge-frederic-block.\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline 1px rgb(153, 195, 255); border-bottom: 0px rgb(153, 195, 255);\">Eastern District of New York</a><!--TgQPHd|||[[&quot;https://www.nyed.uscourts.gov/district-judge-frederic-block&quot;,null,null,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[{&quot;1218&quot;:[16,null,null,null,[1]]}]],16,null,&quot;District Judge Frederic Block | US Courts - New York Eastern District&quot;,&quot;Identity: Frederic Block, US District Judge for the Eastern District of New York (born 1934, Brooklyn, NY). Contact: Chambers (718) 613-2420; Courtroom Deputy (718) 613-2425. Judicial Service: Nominated by Bill Clinton July 22, 1994; confirmed September 28, 1994; received commission September 29, 1994; assumed senior status September 1, 2005. Replaced Eugene H. Nickerson. Education: Indiana University (A.B., 1956); Cornell Law School (LL.B., 1959). Career: Law clerk, NYS Supreme Court Appellate Division (1959–1961); private practice in NY locations (1961–1994); adjunct professor, Touro Law School (1992–present).&quot;,&quot;https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?qu003dtbn:ANd9GcRSr5704z-H39sYXQBqXaqPeIHkK4HUAyT77vLNXpfQV_0UbuxQZGXdZw6UMOofyOPpArh5A9sURTF5h50&quot;,&quot;New York Eastern District Court (.gov)&quot;,&quot;https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/faviconV2?urlu003dhttps://www.nyed.uscourts.govu0026clientu003dAIMu0026sizeu003d128u0026typeu003dFAVICONu0026fallback_optsu003dTYPE,SIZE,URL&quot;,[[1790708678698905,89724354,1077345073],null,null,null,null,[[0,0,0,10]]],null,&quot;5be5d127-1241-4324-8b14-c66fd3bf5349&quot;]]--></span> based in Brooklyn.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></div>\r\n<div class=\"yhAwj\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sfc-inited=\"2\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></div>\r\n<div class=\"otQkpb\" role=\"heading\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"aria-level=lIwFM_11/fLk2Md\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; margin: 24px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(238, 240, 255);\">Background and Education<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></div>\r\n<div role=\"heading\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"aria-level=lIwFM_11/fLk2Md\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; margin: 24px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(238, 240, 255);\"></div>\r\n<div class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiZz8LVvZSXAxXCFVkFHTH7NkAQi4wTegoIAAgACAAIEBAB\" data-hveid=\"CAAIAAgACBAQAQ\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAAIAAgACBAQAg\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">Born:<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></strong> June 6, 1934, in Brooklyn, New York.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></span><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<!--TgQPHd|||[]-->\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiZz8LVvZSXAxXCFVkFHTH7NkAQi4wTegoIAAgACAAIEBAD\" data-hveid=\"CAAIAAgACBAQAw\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAAIAAgACBAQBA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">Education:<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></strong> Indiana University (A.B., 1956); Cornell Law School (LL.B., 1959).<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></span><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<!--TgQPHd|||[]-->\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiZz8LVvZSXAxXCFVkFHTH7NkAQi4wTegoIAAgACAAIEBAF\" data-hveid=\"CAAIAAgACBAQBQ\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAAIAAgACBAQBg\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">Early Career:<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></strong> Law clerk for the New York State Supreme Court Appellate Division (1959–1961); long-time private practice attorney on Long Island (1961–1994). He also argued the landmark one-person, one-vote case <em class=\"zhvwWe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">Bianchi v. Griffing<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></em> before the U.S. Supreme Court.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></span><!--TgQPHd|||[]--></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<!--TgQPHd|||[]-->\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiZz8LVvZSXAxXCFVkFHTH7NkAQi4wTegoIAAgACAAIEBAH\" data-hveid=\"CAAIAAgACBAQBw\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAAIAAgACBAQCA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: &quot;Google Sans&quot;, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">Academic:<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></strong> Adjunct professor at Touro Law School (1992–present).<!--TgQPHd|||[]--></span></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</div>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"></h4>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"https://hnrlawlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/123111867311.pdf\">Roselyn Isigi v. Harry's Nurses Registry, Inc. and Harry Dorvilier 16-cv-02218-FB-SM</a></h4>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Case No.: 1:16-cv-02218-FB-SMG (Eastern District of New York)</li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Filed: May 3, 2016 (Complaint)</li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Parties: Roselyn Isigi (Plaintiff) v. Harry's Nurses Registry, Inc. and Harry Dorvilier (Defendants)</li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Judge: FB = Frederic Block; Magistrate SMG = Steven M. Gold</li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Attorney who filed/served: Jonathan A. Bernstein, Levy Davis &amp; Maher, LLP (for Plaintiff)</li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Nature: FLSA/NY Labor Law overtime wage claim.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><a style=\"color: #000080\" href=\"https://hnrlawlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/PACER-Case-Locator-Search-Results-1.pdf\">All Courts Electronic Records</a></span></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left\">The question this raises</h3>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">How can case number 1:16-cv-02218 belong to two entirely different lawsuits — different parties, different subject matter, different judges — filed six weeks apart in 2016?</p>",
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            "https://hnrlawlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/PACER-Case-Locator-Search-Results-1.pdf",
            "https://hnrlawlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Rahul-Manchanda-v.-Rebecca-Rosenberg.pdf",
            "https://hnrlawlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Roselyn-Isigi-v.-Harrys-Nurses-Registry-Inc.-and-Harry-Dorvilier.pdf"
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